This mapo tofu recipe (麻婆豆腐) is the true blue, authentic real deal—the spicy, tongue-numbing, rice-is-absolutely-not-optional, can’t-have-just-one-scoop mapo tofu that you get in the restaurants.
Since we published this recipe in March 2014, it has garnered many 5-star reviews from readers! As of June 2019 , we’ve re-tested and updated the recipe with new photos, clearer instructions, a recipe video, and nutrition info.
What is Mapo Tofu?
Mapo Tofu is a popular Chinese dish from Sichuan Province, where spicy food is king and the signature spice of the region––the Sichuan Peppercorn––gives dishes a unique “numbing” effect. It’s almost like the Sichuan peppercorns are there to not only add their fragrance and flavor, but also to numb your tongue so it can take more heat!
The name of the dish roughly translates to “pockmarked grandma’s tofu.” Whatever its origins, mapo tofu has made it out of Sichuan Province and spread around the world. The dish has taken on many forms as restaurants and takeout joints have put their own spin on it, often lessening spice levels, adding different vegetables, and transforming the dish into something else entirely!
Traditional and authentic Sichuan mapo tofu is what we’re going for in this recipe. The spicy sauce coats the soft cubes of silken tofu, tasty bits of ground pork, scallion, and Sichuan (or Szechuan) peppercorns.
Getting That Restaurant Taste At Home
I know as well as the next foodie how difficult it can be to approximate restaurant-favorites at home, so if you’ve never tried one of our recipes, you may be thinking, “what a load of panda poop! Is this just another so-called ‘authentic’ dish?”
Not so my friends—we don’t play around at The Woks of Life. If we say authentic, you better betchyo pineapple buns that it’s gonna turn out authentic. Plus, the backstory of this recipe says it all.
It was the summer after my freshman year of college, and I was spending it in Beijing with my parents and sister. It was a hot and smoggy day, which meant “rainy day” activities that didn’t require venturing out into the noxious Beijing air.
I was parked in my parents’ bedroom, flipping through the channels of countless historical dramas (you can literally go through ten straight channels, and each time the screen changes, you’ll see actresses in traditional dress, fighting back tears in disturbingly clear HD), Chinese nature documentaries (run little deer, ruuuun!), and mindless extended infomercials for the best Chinese dried dates you’ll ever taste, or your money back guaranteed (…or not).
Anyways, I was knocked out of my stupor when my limited Chinese vocabulary was able to detect that the latest cooking program I had settled on was featuring a professional chef explaining how to make Mapo Tofu the right way.
For the next 2 minutes, my eyes were glued to the screen, brain straining to understand just what the heck he was saying. Right after it was over, I scrambled to find a pen and paper to write down what I had seen and heard. After that and much testing/consulting with my family’s taste buds, here’s the finished product!
Adjusting the Recipe
Feel free to adjust this recipe to your own preferences. While we worked on making this recipe as close to what is served in Sichuan restaurants across China and here in New York, recipes can be deeply personal and therefore adjusted to your liking.
Important tips about Sichuan Peppercorns!
Some of our readers have noted that Sichuan peppercorns can be very strong. This all depends on your personal taste preferences as well as the freshness of the Sichuan peppercorns you have (the fresher they are the more powerful they are). If you want a milder flavor, cut back to 1 tablespoon or even less.
Another vital note: Sichuan peppercorns should ONLY be husks. That’s how they are sold most often, but in lower quality packages you may still get the inner black seed which is extremely bitter and unpleasant tasting. Be careful when buying your peppercorns!
Mapo Tofu Recipe Instructions
(Scroll down to the recipe card for the full list of ingredients!)
First, we toast the chilies. If you have homemade toasted chili oil, you can skip this step. Heat your wok or a small saucepan over low heat. Add ¼ cup of the oil and throw in the fresh and dried peppers. Stir occasionally and heat until fragrant, about 5 minutes, ensuring that the peppers don’t burn. Remove from heat and set aside.
Heat the remaining ¼ cup of oil in your wok over medium heat. Add your ground Sichuan peppercorns and stir occasionally for 30 seconds. (Note, you can use Sichuan peppercorn oil as a shortcut to this step.)
When the oil is fragrant, add the ginger. After 1 minute, add the garlic.
Fry for another minute, and then turn up the heat to high and add the ground pork. Break up the meat and fry it until it’s cooked through.
Add the spicy bean sauce to the mixture…
And stir it in well. You’ll see the color change!
Add ⅔ cups of chicken broth to the wok and stir. Let this simmer for a minute or so.
While that’s happening, ready your tofu and also put a ¼ cup of water in a small bowl with your cornstarch and mix until thoroughly combined.
Add the cornstarch mixture to your sauce and stir. Let it bubble away until the sauce starts to thicken. (If it gets too thick, splash in a little more water or chicken stock.) For more detailed information on the many ways to use cornstarch to get authentic results at home with our recipes, see our post on How to Use Cornstarch in Chinese Cooking.
Then add your chili oil from before—peppers and all! If you are using homemade chili oil, ONLY use the standing oil, as it’s likely that you have salted it and you only want the oil, not additional salt.
Stir the oil into the sauce, and add the tofu. Use your spatula to gently toss the tofu in the sauce. Let everything cook for 3-5 minutes. Add the sesame oil and sugar (if using) along with the scallions and stir until the scallions are just wilted.
Serve with a last sprinkle of Sichuan peppercorn powder as a garnish if desired.
And your Ma Po Tofu is done!
(If you laughed at that, we should definitely be friends.)
When you make this for friends and family, I guarantee that they’ll ooh and ahh over how much this Mapo Tofu looks and tastes just like what your favorite Szechuan/Sichuan restaurant makes. We sure did!
And you’ll be surprised at how simple it actually is. The key is to prep everything before you actually start cooking.
Mapo Tofu
Ingredients
- ½ cup oil (divided)
- 1-2 fresh Thai bird chili peppers (thinly sliced)
- 6-8 dried red chilies (roughly chopped)
- 1 – 1 1/2 tablespoons Sichuan peppercorns (powdered or finely ground, reserving 1/4 teaspoon for garnish at the end; if you are sensitive to spice, adjust to taste, using less than 1 tablespoon if needed)
- 3 tablespoons ginger (finely minced)
- 3 tablespoons garlic (finely minced)
- 8 ounces ground pork (225g)
- 1-2 tablespoons spicy bean sauce (depending on your desired salt/spice levels)
- 2/3 cup low sodium chicken broth (or water)
- 1 pound silken tofu (450g, cut into 1 inch cubes)
- 1 1/2 teaspoons cornstarch
- 1/4 teaspoon sesame oil (optional)
- 1/4 teaspoon sugar (optional)
- 1 scallion (finely chopped)
Instructions
- First, we toast the chilies. If you have homemade toasted chili oil, you can skip this step. Heat your wok or a small saucepan over low heat. Add ¼ cup of the oil and throw in the fresh and dried peppers. Stir occasionally and heat until fragrant, about 5 minutes, ensuring that the peppers don’t burn. Remove from heat and set aside.
- Heat the remaining ¼ cup of oil in your wok over medium heat. Add your ground Sichuan peppercorns and stir occasionally for 30 seconds. Add the ginger. After 1 minute, add the garlic. Fry for another minute, and then turn up the heat to high and add the ground pork. Break up the meat and fry it until it’s cooked through.
- Add the spicy bean sauce to the mixture and stir it in well. Add ⅔ cups of chicken broth to the wok and stir. Let this simmer for a minute or so. While that's happening, ready your tofu and also put a ¼ cup of water in a small bowl with your cornstarch and mix until thoroughly combined.
- Add the cornstarch mixture to your sauce and stir. Let it bubble away until the sauce starts to thicken. (If it gets too thick, splash in a little more water or chicken stock.)
- Then add your chili oil from before—peppers and all! If you are using homemade chili oil, ONLY use the standing oil, as it's likely that you have salted it and you only want the oil, not additional salt. Stir the oil into the sauce, and add the tofu. Use your spatula to gently toss the tofu in the sauce. Let everything cook for 3-5 minutes. Add the sesame oil and sugar (if using) along with the scallions and stir until the scallions are just wilted.
- Serve with a last sprinkle of Sichuan peppercorn powder as a garnish if desired.
Best recipe
This was amazing! I randomly bought some tofu and decided I wanted to try something new and I landed here. SO excited to find this site and all these recipes. We are making some new delicious food here in Edinburgh. Thank you!
This was excellent! I have lived in the US for 10 years now and always tell my sweet white Jewish husband and lament that I can only cook Indian food (no one is complaining!). But for the past week, I have ONLY made your recipes and I delight in this new cuisine and myself! Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
That’s awesome hahaha you’re very welcome! ^_^
Just made a huge batch of this for a socially distanced potluck at NASA. Only a few people tried it at first, but after 10 cups of cooked rice, it vanished. I worked in hospitality for a family from Hong Kong, and this is just as good as Chef Ming Se’s. Thanks for bringing me back!
Wow, The Woks of Life at NASA! So cool, thank you for sharing, Robert! And I’m so glad that everyone warmed up to it :)
Could I use extra dried chilies in place of the fresh chiles or maybe jalepenos? I’m not sure I can find those peppers.
Hi Kris, sure you can! :)
Excelente web. Muchas gracias, Un saludo
Thank you! :)
While I love spicy and regularly eat habanero peppers and sauce, are you sure the peppercorn amount shouldn’t be in teaspoons versus tablespoons? I have compared to other recipes and it seems as thought it should. This was hard to eat as is so I will have to modify amount of peppercorns as I imagine it would be good then.
I also bought the premium Szechuan peppercorns so maybe I didn’t need as much.
Hi Alex, yes peppercorn strength is a factor, and many people are more sensitive to the flavor. Some say the recipe is perfect as is, while others find it too strong. That said, with recent tests, we’ve found that a range from 1-1.5 tablespoons is ideal. Some people reduce to just 1 teaspoon though. Hope that helps and sorry you weren’t pleased with the first crack at it!
Szechuan peppercorns are a different animal from capsicum peppers. The numbing effect is not the same as hot pepper spiciness, and can be unpleasant for some people who like spicy food.
Hi,can you replace the spicy bean sauce and also how can you make it not so spicy? I love Mapo Tofu but it’s always very spicy to me
Hi Anja, I think you’ll like this recipe. It’s much more mild (and doesn’t have Sichuan peppercorns): https://thewoksoflife.com/spicy-garlic-tofu/
Really enjoyed making this for the first time tonight. Only downsides were that it came out a bit underseasoned (I used water instead of stock because I didn’t want to risk it coming out too salty, much harder to fix!) and… it wasn’t red! The paste I used was a Pixian dandan broad bean and chilli paste, it is more brown than red. What do you use to get that devilish red hue?
Hi Emma, you’ll get the best red results if you start with our homemade chili oil! The method with the dried red chili peppers works in a pinch, but is not as flavorful. It’s worth noting that this recipe pre-dates our chili oil recipe! Having a darker dou ban paste is fine as long as it does have the chilies in it, also. Though we typically buy the kind that is bright red. Hope that helps!!
I’ve made the homemade chili oil and it’s delicious! Love this blog! How much of the chili oil would you recommend if we’re substituting it for the dried/ fresh chilis and vegetable oil in step 1?